Internet Shopping Good or Bad Essay Example For Students

Web Shopping Good or Bad? Article Shopping on the Internet is expanding however would you work together this way?The Internet?s fame has significantly heightened in the course of recent years and has become a fundamental piece of day by day life. It has wide spread uses extending from, getting data, downloading records, business notice to Internet trade, which has a significant influence in Internet practice. Our social structure is forcing society to interface with the Internet, with schools overall turning out to be more Web based and colleges currently have addresses, which can be exclusively seen over the Internet. Inside the following scarcely any years the potential and abilities of the Internet are unending. In view of that the accompanying task will look at a ceaselessly prospering part of the Internet, Internet shopping. In spite of the fact that Internet shopping is on the expansion, it will never outperform customary shopping, as the ?experience of shopping? is lost, it is available to extortion and the ?attempt before you purchase? idea doesn't happen. From this data, it could be expressed, ?The guarantee of Internet shopping is suffocating in a surge of duplicity, client disappointment, misrepresentation and misappropriation. The Internet is most popular for being a data superhighway, not a superhighway to the shopping mall.?Shopping from the accommodation and solace of your own home may have its obvious focal points; not any more remaining in line, no more issues. Right now individuals are utilizing the Internet for shopping to a great extent as it offers a few advantages when contrasted and regular shopping, for a thin scope of merchandise and enterprises. Given that, there are still worries about dangers included ? numerous issues from security of charge cards to privacyPurchasing items from the Internet has significant weaknesses when contrasted with customary shopping. A huge issue is you can't see the store you are purchasing from. On the Internet, it very well may be hard to tell whether the business you are managing is straightforward or not. At the point when your charge card number is given to a promoting site so as to buy merchandise, there is no sure assurance that it will be utilized for the reason it was proposed for. Numerous deceitful web sites, use guarantees of wonder fixes, and different fabrications so as to misuse their clients with an end goal to pick up charge card numbers and use them, for their very own benefit. Anyway many sites are noteworthy, however the security of their page at that point might be disregarded. (By ?Hackers?)When a client ?surfs? into an online store and presents a request structure with a charge card number, the data is then transmitted from their PCs modem by means of neighborhood phone lines to their Internet Service Provider (ISP) and afterward over the Internet. The request may go to a delegate or legitimately to the dealers server. Organizations fluctuate with respect to when they process their charge card subtleties. Some do promptly, while others hold up until the item has been dispatched out to the client. Anyplace along that way where the data voyaged, the security of their charge card number may have been undermined. Various Internet programmers ?surf? the Internet continually searching for low security site pages in which to prey on.?An interloper attacked in excess of 485,000 Mastercards and covertly put away the huge database on a U. S. government agencys Web website. While the Mastercard organizations advised money related establishments, the clients were rarely educated. Many bargained accounts stay open right up 'til the present time? (Completely Private Inc, Shopping Privacy Concerns) This is the primary motivation behind why numerous web clients don?t shop on the web, as their Visa subtleties might me be able to abused, which brings about the client paying for their misleading demonstration. .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .postImageUrl , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:hover , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:visited , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:active { border:0!important; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:active , .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef 67d8cf6d93e34a .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u27660191ee2f3bf5ef67d8cf6d93e34a:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Personal Goals Essay ?Two 18-year-old young men in Wales were captured after purportedly taking and dispersing 26,000 charge card records from 5 unique locales. Evaluated misfortunes: $3 million.? (Entirely Private Inc, Shopping Privacy ConcernsNot just can Visa subtleties be taken, yet additionally numerous dealer destinations sell and store gigantic databases of data about every client they have, bargaining the clients? protection and secrecy. ?The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) investigation of 229 Australian sites revealed Mastercard misrepresentation, protection breaks and poor exchanging shields by web b ased business retailers. ? (Completely Private Inc, Shopping Privacy ConcernsMany sites attempt to tailor their market towards every individual client.

Genetics of Alcoholism. Does Alcohol Dependence Depend of Race

Liquor abuse is totally known event that have a spot in each culture. Present day clinical definitions portray liquor addiction as an ailment and compulsion which brings about a tenacious utilization of liquor regardless of negative results. In spite of the fact that this definition don't determine current and on-going utilization of liquor as a qualifier for liquor addiction, some do, just as commenting on the drawn out impacts of steady, substantial liquor use, incorporate reliance and manifestations of withdrawal. Mental geneticists John I. Nurnberger, Jr. what's more, Laura Jean Bierut recommend that liquor abuse doesn't have a solitary causeâ€including geneticâ€but that qualities do assume a significant job â€Å"by influencing forms in the body and cerebrum that associate with each other and with a person's educational encounters to create security or defenselessness. † They likewise report that less than twelve liquor addiction related qualities have been distingu ished, yet that almost certain anticipate disclosure. In any event one hereditary test exists for an allele that is associated to liquor addiction and sedative compulsion. Human dopamine receptor qualities have a recognizable variety alluded to as the DRD2 TaqI polymorphism.Those who have the A1 allele (variety) of this polymorphism have a little however huge inclination towards dependence on sedatives and endorphin discharging drugs like liquor. In spite of the fact that this allele is marginally increasingly regular in heavy drinkers and sedative addicts, it isn't without anyone else a satisfactory indicator of liquor abuse, and a few specialists contend that proof for DRD2 is opposing. Additionally, considers show that the extent of men with liquor reliance is higher than the extent of ladies, 7% and 2. 5% individually, despite the fact that ladies are progressively powerless against long haul results of alcoholism.Around 90% of grown-ups in United States devour liquor, and more than 700,000 of them are dealt with every day for liquor addiction. Educator David Zaridze, who drove the worldwide research group, determined that liquor had executed 3,000,000 Russians since 1987. In the United Kingdom, the quantity of ‘dependent consumers' was determined as more than 2. 8 million of every 2001. The World Health Organization evaluates that around 140 million individuals all through the world experience the ill effects of liquor reliance and predominant number of them is European individuals. 70% of Asian individuals, as indicated by Svetlana Borinskaya PhD.Laboratory laborer of establishment of General Genetics sake of the Vavilov, have a specific quality that fills in as a defender from liquor addictive disorder. My theory proclamation is that Asian individuals are less inclined to turn into a liquor addictive that European individuals. So as to test my speculation I will utilize an exploratory strategy. In my examination I will require two gatherings of me mbers, the two gatherings will be test. First gathering will contain 100 members that have a place with European race, second gathering will contain 100 members that have a place with Asian race with â€Å"Asian† quality of alcoholic protector.In my analysis I will attempt to choose when all is said in done the same member from the physical appearance perspective. Likewise they ought not be dynamic liquor clients or they ought to be individuals that never taste liquor. There are models for members: guys, 25-35 years of age, weight 70-90 kg, stature 170-190 cm, normal constitution, great wellbeing, normal societal position and normal conservative status. Trial will most recent two months. In the start of my investigation I will put members in two houses. During test they will have five ingestions for each day: breakfast, supper, bite, lunch and supper.Then consistently before ingestion they will get bit of vine-400 g. and furthermore they will have an entrance to vine. Vine co nsumption before ingestions and free access to vine will keeps going one month in the second month we will stop access to vine and furthermore in taking vine before ingestion. Furthermore, during entire this month watch their conduct. After second month of investigation we will give them a segment of vine. Likewise legitimately after trial we will request that they assess their self-evaluation about them from the liquor reliance purpose of view.Then as indicated by members response to definite segment of vine and furthermore alludes to a self-examination of members we will gather and afterward investigate information. There are three anticipated results of the examination First, European individuals will show less resilience to liquor reliance then Asian individuals and it will imply that my theory is correct and â€Å"Asian† quality is filled in as liquor reliance defender. Second, there will be no distinction among European and Asian individuals from the resistance to liquo r reliance perspective it will imply that â€Å"Asian† quality don't impact to liquor defender mechanism.Third, European individuals will exhibit higher resilience to liquor reliance then Asian individuals, it will mean that†Asian† quality don't impact to liquor defender instrument or works conversely than that we assume.

How to Use Picture/Photo Essay Samples

How to Use Picture/Photo Essay SamplesPicture/Photo Essay samples are quite popular among university students as well as those who are pursuing their bachelor's degree. The best illustration of this is the numerous photographs that are shown on some newspapers and magazines. There are many possible ways that you can use this resource to present your findings in a different light, whether they're your personal opinions or the findings of studies. One thing that you must keep in mind when using these samples is that there is no one photo that fits all situations.You should consider what works best for your specific situation. A photo essay sample that suits you may be different from one that will work for somebody else. Try to think about what will appeal to you as a reader. This will help you get the most out of the presentation.If you are attempting to deliver a message on a specific scenario, try to think of something from your own life. For example, if you are attempting to deliver a message on death, talk about the instances where someone close to you died. Remember to consider how it may impact you if someone close to you dies. To help you further, think about the common methods of death such as electrocution, drowning, etc. This will help you get a better understanding of the situations you will be dealing with in your pictures/photo essay samples.Again, for those who have young children, try to think of some simple facts that they could relate to. Examples include things such as, how often do you give your child baths? Children love to feel loved and they will always appreciate a good clean bath.A very simple fact about a child is that they can't always grasp exactly what they need to do. Some children are also known to take things too literally. As a parent, it is very important to make sure that they have everything they need before starting any kind of activity.Keep in mind that picture/photo essay samples will not have to be taken just at your place o f work. They can also be taken anywhere, including at a restaurant or your own home. At times, you may even find that your family and friends can be more accommodating than you thought.As a general rule, try to avoid showing yourself while carrying out the task. If your eyes are tired, you may find that you don't get the results you want. That is why it is recommended that you try and have a person make sure that everything is safe before you start working.This is by no means an exhaustive list of assignment samples. Picture/Photo Essay samples can range from all kinds of topics, such as popular TV shows and celebrity photos. This is just a list of some that you may come across.

The Performance Of European Funded Projects Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2758 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? The anfractuous integration of Romania in the European Union implies a complex process of modernization and structural reorganization. One of the most important aspects of this process is the economical efficiency. In the perennial context of the economic crises, enterprises, more than ever, have to follow a complex process of reorganization in order to respect the community rules and standards. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Performance Of European Funded Projects Finance Essay" essay for you Create order In order to fulfill this objective, the Romanian enterprises are encouraged by the possibility of receiving non-refundable funds from the European Union (80%) and Romanian Government (20%). The lack of any advertising and public relation campaigns about the process of receiving these kinds of funds has often put the final beneficiary in a predicament. Most of the Romanian investors have no idea what their obligations imply, they are focused on the idea that the money they receive neednt be refundable. The present article means to analyze the way the European funded projects are implemented, focusing mainly on the costs and obligations that the investors enter. The non-refundable European funds are an excellent opportunity for the business environment as long as the beneficiaries are aware from the beginning of the social and institutional cost of this process. KEYWORDS: cash-flow, grant, IRR JEL CLASSIFICATION: F35, F36 1.INTORDUCTION Since the 1st of January 2007 Romania has been a full right member of the European Union. Having this position, our country receives non-refundable funds, available through projects, for the development and reducing the socio-economic gaps/disparity in comparison with the other members. Romania presently has several financing programs with different levels of aid intensities (depending on the kind of eligible beneficiaries and the type of investment funded), the most relevant of them are: National program for rural development 2007-2013 The operational program Increase of economic competitiveness The operational program for Human resources development The operational program for environment The operational program for transport The operational program administrative capacity development. The magnitude and complexity of the non-refundable funds do not admit an exhaustive analysis of the problem, only in case of studies involving teams formed by specialists in this issue. For this present analysis we chose a line of funding from the National Program for Rural Development 2007-2013, the third axis Improving the quality of life in rural areas and diversification of the rural economy, 313 Measure Encouragement of tourism. This line sets the overall objective of financing the development of tourism activities in rural areas in order to help increase employment and alternative income, as well as increasing the attractiveness of rural areas (EC, 2009; EC, 2005; MARD, 2009). Given this ample general objective, within the 313 Measure we have four kinds of investments, namely: a) Investment in tourism accommodation infrastructure (this component is broken down in turn into agro-tourism and rural tourism), b) Investments in recreational activities, c) Investment in small-scale infrastructure such as information centers, tourism signs, etc.. and d) development and / or marketing of tourism services relating to rural tourism (PARDF, 2012). Another effect of the extensive overall objective is the diverse range of eligible applicants. Eligible within the 313 Measure are: micro-enterprises, freelancers, local authorities and NGOs. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH In the present material we performed an analysis of a hypothetical project implemented by a micro-enterprise, within the component Investment in tourism accommodation infrastructure (rural tourism). In this example, the non-refundable financial aid is 50% of the eligible value of the project (but no more than ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ 200.000). The total value of the project is 496.000 Euros, of which the eligible amount is 400.000 Euros (this value was chosen since it covers the costs of a bed and breakfast of four daisies (the equivalent of four stars) with ten double rooms and a restaurant) and ineligible value 96.000 Euros (which is VAT, which is not funded by the European Union as it is recovered from the National Tax Administration Agency). The implementation period of this hypothetical project is one year. Given the value of the non-refundable financial aid and of the eligible value of the project, the investor would receive 200.000 Euros from structural funds. The problem that is overseen by many potential investors is that the European funding is granted on the principle of reimbursement of expenses made by the beneficiary. Many investors do not take into account the additional costs associated with this principle (short-term financing). Another omission made by potential beneficiaries is related to the monitoring period. A beneficiary who has implemented a project with non-refundable funds within the 313 Measure should keep the bed and breakfast into service and do not to alienate/sell it at least five years after completion. During this monitoring period the beneficiary must maintain all of the jobs foreseen in the project. In this example, (considering the value of 200.000 Euros of the non-refundable financial aid) the appropriate number of jobs created by the project must be eight (given the selection criterion no. 3 non-refundable financial amount / number of jobs created ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¤ 25.000 Euros (PARDF, 201 2). These two omissions generate additional financial efforts for potential beneficiaries that can be considered a cost of the non-refundable financial aid. This article trays to determine the level of these costs and the actual percentage of co-financing of such an investment. To see the differences that arise between the various scenarios with and without the influence of personal costs and the costs of short-term financing, we must take into account two indicators: a) IRR F/(C) financial internal rate of return calculated on the investment, quantified by the formula: (1) ) where: I0 is the initial investment (the eligible value + ineligible value of project); CFi is the value of the cash flows generated by the project in operation (flows from investing activities, financial and operational); VR residual value, estimated at the end of the time horizon taken into consideration. b) IRR F/(K) financial internal rate of return calculated on the value of its own contribution. In this case we use the formula: (2) ) where: K is the private co-financing (financing the eligible amount (50%)) + other ineligible costs incurred during the implementation; CFi is the value of the cash flows generated by the project in operation (flows from investing activities, financial and operational); VR residual value, estimated at the end of the time horizon taken into consideration. (EC, 2008; Hazen, 2003) Ignoring the costs of short-term funding (generated by the principle of reimbursement of expenditure already made) and costs related to the number of jobs to be created and maintained during monitoring period, the investment has a IRR F / (C) -1.95% , which reveals that the project is not attractive for financing from a bank or investor. Also there is an IRR F / (K) of 10.12%, showing that through a 50% non-refundable financial assistance, the project would become viable (two indicators detailed in the Table 1 Variables initial investor). Table 1. Variables initial investor Implementing year Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Investment value 2.083.200 Cash-flow 55.785 121.441 124.969 128.497 132.025 Residual value 1.344.000 Flow for IRR F/(C) -2.083.200 55.785 121.441 124.969 128.497 1.476.025 IRR F/(C) -1.95% Flow for IRR F/(K) -1.243.200 55.785 121.441 124.969 128.497 1.476.025 IRR F/(K) 10.12% Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented The data in Table 1 are based on the following assumptions: the analysis was done in constant prices without the effect of inflation and private co-financing of the project relies on a credit for a period of 20 years, with an interest rate of 10% and a period of grace of 12 months (equivalent to project implementation period). The value of this credit is 50% of the eligible value of the project. Staff considered is presented in Table 2. The And management and supply functions will be provided by the sole shareholder of the company. Table 2. Staff minimum variant No. Position Gross monthly salary lei 1 Shareholder 0 2 Chef 2.200 3 Waiter 1.700 4 Maid 1.700 5 Reception staff 1.900 6 Accountant 2.000 Total 9.500 Source: Average estimate Table 3. Staff optimal variant No. Position Gross monthly salary lei 1 Manager 2.500 2 Supply staff 2.000 3 Chef 2.200 4 Waiter 1.700 5 Maid 1.700 6 Reception staff 1.900 7 Accountant 2. 800 Travel Guide 2.000 Total 16.000 Source: Average estimate Based on the specifications in the Guidelines for Applicants on measure 313, in order to get a good score and therefore to be selected for funding a project needed to create jobs in proportion to its value, i.e., for each 25.000 euro received as grant the applicant must be created and maintained for at least five years a full-time job. Table 3 presents the structure of personnel as specified by guide (in quantitative terms). It is also well balanced, covering all activities that might take place in a boarding houses. In Table 4 the two indicators calculation is done, this time taking into account the jobs that must be created. Table 4. Project attractiveness with correction for jobs Implementing year Operating period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Investment value 2.083.200 Cash-flow -44.055 21.601 25.129 28.657 32.185 Residual value 1.344.000 Flow for IRR F/(C) -2.083.200 -44.055 21.601 25.129 28.657 1.376.185 IRR F/(C) -7.52% Flow for IRR F/(K) -1.243.200 -44.055 21.601 25.129 28.657 1.376.185 IRR F/(K) 2.50% Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented Cash Flow Estimation was done based on Annex 1. It appears that after this correction the attractiveness of the project significantly decreased, but not so as to be abandoned and unfunded (IRR F / (K) 0%). Table 5.1. Extract from cash flow during the implementation small credit Period Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Net cash flow for the period 509.600 161.000 -7.000 -330.400 161.000 -330.400 Available cash of the previous month 200 200 509.800 670.800 663.800 333.400 494.400 Available cash at end of period 200 509.800 670.800 663.800 333.400 494.400 164.000 Source: Average estimate Table 6.2. Extract from cash flow during the implementation small credit Period Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Total year Net cash flow for the period 161.000 -330.400 161.000 -330.400 161.000 -7.000 -21.000 Available cash of the previous month 164.000 325.000 -5.400 155.600 -174.800 -13.800 200 Available cash at end of period 325.000 -5.400 155.600 -174.800 -13.800 -20.800 -20.800 Source: Average estimate Analyzing the cash flow for the implementation period we can see that in the eighth month, the company runs out of available cash, a delicate problem, most often synonymous with insolvency. Although hypothetically the company would pass over this impasse, because the amount involved is relatively small, in the tenth month the cash requirements to continue are much higher. This situation occurs due to the gap of about a month, between the investment and the reimbursement (the grant). The investment is made in five installments (thus the needs for cash are minimal), during 1, 4, 6, 8 and 10. These invoices are paid in propor tion to the investment company and made ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹grant aid is granted in months: 2, 5, 7, 9 and 11. Another cost factor is determined for the cash depletion rates. The negative cash flow is covered in the fourth year of the operation period (see Table 6). Table 7. Extract from cash flow from operating period small credit Period Implementing Year Operating period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flow for the period -44.055 21.601 25.129 28.657 32.185 Available cash of the previous month -20.800 -20.800 -64.855 -43.254 -18.126 10.531 Available cash at end of period -20.800 -64.855 -43.254 -18.126 10.531 42.716 Source: Average estimate In order to implement the project, the company will have to contract a greater loan, which allows it to sustain the interest expenses and differences arising between payments and reimbursements. The second scenario in which the company relies on a credit (under similar conditions: 20 years repayment period, interest of 10% and 12 months grace period), but the higher value of the loan, surmounts the problems outlined above. In this situation, the grater loan allows the company to operate under normal conditions, avoiding liquidity risk without lags during the implementation period (see Table 7.1 and 7.2) or in the first five years of the operational period (see Table 8). Table 8.1. Extract from c ash flow during the implementation high credit Period Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Net cash flow for the period 866.600 158.000 -10.000 -333.400 158.000 -333.400 Available cash of the previous month 200 200 866.800 1.024.800 1.014.800 681.400 839.400 Available cash at end of period 200 866.800 1.024.800 1.014.800 681.400 839.400 506.000 Source: Recalculate from Scenario 1 Table 9.2. Extract from cash flow during the implementation high credit Period Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Total year Net cash flow for the period 158.000 -333.400 158.000 -333.400 158.000 -10.000 303.000 Available cash of the previous month 506.000 664.000 330.600 488.600 155.200 313.200 200 Available cash at end of period 664.000 330.600 488.600 155.200 313.200 303.200 303.200 Source: Recalculate from Scenario 1 From Table 7.1 and 7.2 we can see that the available cash at the end of each period is positive, denoting the fact that the company has sufficient cash resources to operate normally. Table 10. Extract from cash flow from operating period high credit Period Implementing Year Operating period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Net cash flow for the period -97.080 -29.624 -24.296 -18.968 -13.640 Available cash of the previous month 303.200 303.200 206.120 176.496 152.199 133.231 Available cash at end of period 303.200 206.120 176.496 152.199 133.231 119.591 Source: Recalculate from Scenario 1 As a side effect of the higher credit we can observe (see Table 8) that the cash flows generated by the investment are lower than those caused by lower loan (see Table 6), this being blamed on higher interest rates Table 11. Annual rates of both loans Large Credit Small Credit Differences Loan Value 1.200.000 840.000 360.000 The value of annual installments 60.000 42.000 18.000 Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented The two credits are obtained in similar conditions, both repayment periods are 20 years, but because of amounts differ, the values of the annual rates differ as well. Table 12. Annual interest of both credits Amount of interest Implementing year Operating period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Large Credit 120.000 116.750 110.750 104.750 98.750 92.750 Small Credit 84.000 81.725 77.525 73.325 69.125 64.925 Differences 36.000 35.025 33.225 31.425 29.625 27.825 Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented Interest calculation was performed by applying 10% annual margin outstanding of the loan (the amount remaining to be paid). Table 13. The additional cost of the higher credit Discount rate 5% Period (Years) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Difference in credit 54.000 35.025 33.225 31.425 29.625 27.825 Discount factor 1 0,95238 0,90702 0,86383 0,82270 0,78352 Difference in loan discounted 54.000 33.357,14 30.136,05 27.146,1 24.372,56 21.801,62 Discounted total costs 190.813,47 Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented In terms of time, the costs of credit will be carried forward, to ensure the unit of analysis, they are discounted (the discount rate used is 5% without the effect of inflation). Table 14. Project attractiveness after correction for jobs and correction for necessary credit Variant 1 Implementing year Operating period Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Investment value 2.083.200 Cash-flow -97.080 -29.624 -24.296 -18.968 -13.640 Residual value 1344000 Flow for IRR F/(C) -2.083.200 -97.080 -29.624 -24.296 -18.968 1.330.360 IRR F/(C) -10.30% Flow for IRR F/(K) -1.243.200 -97.080 -29.624 -24.296 -18.968 1.330.360 IRR F/(K) -1.26% Source: Own calculations based on data previously presented Recalculating the IRR F / (C) and IRR F / (K) taking in to account the high credit (see Table 12) we can see that the attractiveness of the project has fell drastically, both indicators have negative valuesÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹. This requires a rethinking of the entire project, the most viable solution is the reduction of the investment value, introducing new products that bring additional income or finding more attractive funding sources). III. Research results Plotting the evolution of the two indicators before and after making the corrections, it appears that both indicators registered a strong downtrend. Figure 1. Evolution IRR/ C and IRR/K Source: own representation of the results The analysis of the indicators illustrates the fact that the project initially seemed viable, but now it has to be rethought because even with the non-refundable financial support it cant be profitable. Investors who do not know the system of awarding grant can reach difficult situations such as: projects blocked because the beneficiary has no more financial resources, facilities constructed through grant projects that have to be kept in operation although no profit is being made etc. Table 15. Actual percentages of co-financing Category Value Percentage Eligible value 1.680.000,00 100.00% Grant 840.000,00 50.00% Private contribution 840.000,00 50.00% Real Grant 840.000,00 33.28% Real Private contribution 1.120.813,47 66.72% Source: Own calculations based on the scenarios previously presented If we consider the additional cost generated by a higher loan necessary for covering the gap between the investment and the reimbursement of expenses, the grant aid intensity (expressed as percentage) decreases from 50% to 33.28%. This new value can be called the actual grant aid. A counter argument could be that the investor has sufficient financial resources and a credit is not needed. However, in this case he blocks a certain amount of money for a determined period of time, during which he cant use it. Although this cost is difficult to place in a cash flow, as an opportunity cost, it exists, and interferes on a long-term perspective, the investor renouncing the use of those amounts, which could generate income. IV. Conclusions Grants are an opportunity for all businesses and a diverse pallet of investors. The decision to start such a project must be analyzed very well, because all sources of capital even grants have a specific cost, sometimes hard to quantify explicitly. In the case of grants, the cost derives mainly from the social side and the process of reimbursement. However, through a detailed economic and financial analysis of the project that takes into account of all the elements, both obvious and most discreet, the success of the investment can be ensured and thus fulfill all the objectives and commitments of the grant recipient.

Essay about Autonomy and Responsibility The Start of...

Autonomy and Responsibility: The Start of Labor Unions The late nineteenth century was a time of great change for people everywhere. Industries became staples of society in almost every major city; farming became more efficient due to steel and machines, and more jobs were available because of all the new industries. Between 1865 and 1900, the number of people employed in manufacturing rose from 1.3 million to 4.5 million. Working conditions were terrible, providing long hours, low wages, and unhealthy conditions. Millions of people were denied the basic amenities that their labor made possible for others.1 When reviewing drive for monopolies, Edward Bellamy, author of Looking Backward, wrote that The individual laborer, who had†¦show more content†¦Six states enacted the eight-hour workday, but four of them had exceptions to the rule, so the NLU was not as successful as it seemed on the surface.3 The NLU realized that the labor dispute could not be fixed without a reform of the currency, which led to an ill-fated alliance w ith the Greenback movement. In 1872 the NLU transformed itself into the National Labor Reform Party, which turned out to be unsuccessful.4 By 1873, there were twenty-five national unions with a combined membership of 170,000 people, and another 130,000 workers belonged to unions that lacked a national association.5 Even though the NLU failed to attain quality working conditions for workers, it was able to prove that a national confederation of workingmen was not impossible. Its short life showed that representatives for labor did not know the proper place of the worker in the new industrial world. The NLU made no effort to perfect itself as a lasting organization, but its errors allowed successors to learn and profit.6 The formation of the NLU exemplifies the autonomy of the people because they realized that they were being treated unfairly and they went ahead and did something about it. Another labor union, The Nobel Order of the Knights of Labor (The Knights), was able to last longer than the NLU and produced more successful results. 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The North American Free Trade Agreement Essay - 1356 Words

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement negotiated by three countries; Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The main purpose of NAFTA is essentially to reduce trade barriers in order to promote international commerce, and open up different industries to trade, in particular textiles, agriculture, and automobile sectors. The introduction of NAFTA completely transformed North American economic relations and led to unparalleled cooperation between the U.S. Canada and Mexico. This research paper will look at the positive and negative impacts of NAFTA and examine whether or not it has been overall successful in promoting economic growth in its member nations. In order to answer this question, I will examine the effects of NAFTA on the U.S., Mexico and Canada by focusing on the macroeconomic impact of NAFTA, its influence on different economic sectors, and the dynamics of free trade between the developed economies of the U.S. and Canada and an undeveloped country, Mexico Macroeconomic Effects The formation of NAFTA put together a $19 trillion market comprised of around 470 million consumers. The large majority of economists concur that NAFTA has advanced the economies of its members. Trade in the region has increased dramatically from 1993, from around $290 billion to around $1.0 trillion in 2016 (Source). 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Integrated Project Management Nightingale Project

Question: Describe about the Integrated Project Management for Nightingale Project. Answer: Introduction The learning outcomes from the project management of the Nightingale project, which dealt with the product launch speeding as the similar product was to be launched by another company, were very deep. The project helped in strengthening the different concepts of management. In a similar context, the second assignment understanding various approaches are adopted for dealing the different aspects of the environment of the organization, which mainly comprises of the competitors, legal standards, culture, political landscape, etc. Thus the Enterprise Environmental Factor (EEF) is working with the practices, legislations, policies and the procedures of the company for creating a balance between the internal and the external factors of the organization, which indicates the importance of EEF for the organization. Reflection In my project, I have selected to work upon the evaluation of the various internal and the external factors that are important for the management of the projects. The selected topic is an extension of EEF which has helped in understanding the importance of various resources and the environmental influences decides the course of action of the project. The previous work has also helped in understanding the course of action, depending on the environmental influences like competitors, stakeholders, government standards, etc. The work has also helped in understanding that the internal and external both risk assessment is mandatory for developing a better understanding of the system. The assessment also helps in the better involvement of the employees of the organization thus making the team more comfortable with each other and the company. While the assessments are done for the organization, the need for exploration of the inherent risks too were presented which in turn helps in better understanding of the external risks and their mitigation techniques, which had helped me in formulation better time line and the WBS structure based on the demand of the organization. The assessment have created during the planning had also helped in minimization of the time required for the implementation. For the risk assessment and mitigation, techniques like risk breakdown structure, value assignment to the risks, work breakdown structure was suggested. The strategic implementation is the creation of the development plan that will help the organization to slowly develop into a world class organization and thus provides various competitive benefits and performance. The assignment helped in understanding that launching the product first in the market has various strategy importances and helps in grabbing customer. The speeding up of the product launch is a tedious process and needs to be planned properly as the speed might affect the quality, thus indicating the importance of the outsourcing and the related difficulties with it. Hence the project helped in understanding the strategic importance of the timeline, the need of the WBS, and the scheduling of the processes. The project also helped in understanding that the shortening of the duration of the implementation needs rigorous planning which involves the participation of all the stakeholders of the company. The outsourcing too is a difficult proposition as the inclusion of an alien system into the system is risky and creates contingencies. While the planning of the project various factors like increased cost of implementation and testing were realized, this had to be borne by the company to have a strategic lead over the competitors of the market. From the second assessment the importance of the structure in the organization was understood, but it was also well understood that the structure alone in the organization is not enough, and for motivated and dedicated workforce, the organization also needs an effective control system that will enhance the power of the managers to ensure that the staffs the well motivated and inspired to carry out the tasks within the decided interval of the time. For an effective control system in the organization, tools like, incentives, feedback from the employees and rating the performance of the staffs and the company is necessary. The other methods like the creation of the values like belief, attitude, etc. are also important as it creates a common bond among the employees of the organization. I have also understood that the success every strategy is dependent upon the implementation technique. Thus a manager should also be proactive in the implementation of the strategy rather than stick to th e generation of the policies. As a manager of a company, I have realized that the internal and the external risk analysis of the organization are extremely important for the organization. Apart from the analysis of the environment of the company, it was also understood that the documentation of all the aspects is extremely important such as the risk, the stakeholders of the company, the experience of the company, and the historical information. These documents act as the reference for the present work and the future contingencies of the organization and thus will help in better management of the resources based on the past experiences and the mistakes and will also serve as a reference in case of the legal troubles and maintain the government standards. Finally, the project has helped me to become more professional, understanding the roles of a manager which is to understand the process based on the requirements of the organization and the consumers, successful management of the organization for optimum output an d better management of the various issues that might arise due to various internal and the external factors. Conclusion In this reflection, the various learning outcomes have been depicted and have been elaborated to indicate the effectiveness of the reports. In the initial section of the essay, I have presented the learning outcomes from the first assessment, like the effectiveness of the planning of the project and the importance of the strategies and money for the business. In the second section, the importances of the internal and the external factors have also been presented to understand the importance of the various parameters that will help in the formulation of better strategies. It was also understood that the strategies alone are not enough and control strategies are also important. In the subsequent section, the various learning outcomes as a manager have been indicated which has helped me in becoming a better manager.